Synchrotron radiation-based x-ray techniques are increasingly used for spectroscopy and imaging of ancient and cultural heritage materials, in particular to produce macro-scale compositional and speciation images on entire samples, fossils or artworks since the x-ray excitation energy can be tuned to the optimal value for measurement. X-ray analysis of heritage materials at the Stanford Synchrotron and at Ipanema / Synchrotron Soleil has produced many important discoveries, from the determination of trace elements and colored pigments in dinosaur fossils to the deciphering of missing text in manuscripts and palimpsests, and the chemical changes that occur in paint pigments as they age.  These measurements have all presented unique challenges for data collection and analysis and the development of a collaborative effort between these facilities has continued to strengthen analytical capabilities and create safer measurement conditions.